See tham on Wiktionary
{
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"4": "",
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},
{
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"4": "",
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},
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],
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{
"word": "rongtham"
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{
"word": "tri"
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"ipa": "/tʰam/"
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"þam",
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{
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{
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],
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"þam",
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]
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{
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{
"extra": "that one, him, it",
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}
],
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{
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},
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},
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],
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"alternative spelling of þam (“that one, him, it”)"
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{
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{
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"1": "kha",
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},
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},
{
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"expansion": "Temiar gantam",
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{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
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"1": "pac",
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},
"expansion": "Pacoh atam",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
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{
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"1": "caq",
"2": "ka-tām"
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],
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"lang_code": "vi",
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{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ăn tham"
},
{
"word": "gian tham"
},
{
"word": "lòng tham"
},
{
"word": "máu tham"
},
{
"word": "tham ăn"
},
{
"word": "tham dục"
},
{
"english": "greedy",
"translation": "greedy",
"word": "tham lam"
},
{
"word": "tham nhũng"
},
{
"word": "tham ô"
},
{
"word": "tham quân ô lại"
},
{
"word": "tham quyền cố vị"
},
{
"word": "tham tài"
},
{
"word": "tham thì thâm"
},
{
"word": "tham thực cực thân"
},
{
"english": "ambition",
"translation": "ambition",
"word": "tham vọng"
}
],
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"to covet, to be greedy, to lust after"
],
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[
"covet",
"covet"
],
[
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"greedy"
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[
"lust",
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]
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"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
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{
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{
"_dis": "29 25 1 1 1 1 1 25 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "9 18 73",
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"to participate in, to engage in"
],
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[
"participate",
"participate"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
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"(only in compounds) to participate in, to engage in"
],
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"in-compounds"
]
}
],
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{
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
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}
],
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"args": {
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"lang_code": "vi",
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"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "tham bác"
},
{
"word": "tham biến"
},
{
"word": "tham biện"
},
{
"english": "to participate in war",
"translation": "to participate in war",
"word": "tham chiến"
},
{
"word": "tham chiếu"
},
{
"word": "tham chính"
},
{
"word": "tham dự"
},
{
"english": "to participate in",
"translation": "to participate in",
"word": "tham gia"
},
{
"english": "to consult",
"translation": "to consult",
"word": "tham khảo"
},
{
"word": "tham kiến"
},
{
"english": "speech",
"translation": "speech",
"word": "tham luận"
},
{
"word": "tham mưu"
},
{
"word": "tham mưu trưởng"
},
{
"word": "tham nghị viện"
},
{
"english": "to go sightseeing",
"translation": "to go sightseeing",
"word": "tham quan"
},
{
"word": "tham sanh úy tử"
},
{
"word": "tham số"
},
{
"word": "tham sự"
},
{
"word": "tham tán"
},
{
"word": "tham tụng"
},
{
"word": "tham vấn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief clerk; councillor, adviser"
],
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"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"clerk",
"clerk"
],
[
"councillor",
"councillor"
],
[
"adviser",
"adviser"
]
],
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"(only in compounds) chief clerk; councillor, adviser"
],
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"in-compounds"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
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],
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"5": "three"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aot",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*kV-sum",
"4": "",
"5": "three"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kV-sum (“three”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bodo-Garo *tham² (“three”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kV-sum (“three”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "থাম",
"tags": [
"Bengali"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "থাম"
},
"expansion": "tham (Bengali script থাম)",
"name": "aot-num"
}
],
"lang": "Atong (India)",
"lang_code": "aot",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Atong (India) entries with incorrect language header",
"Atong (India) lemmas",
"Atong (India) numerals",
"Atong (India) numerals in Latin script",
"Atong (India) terms derived from Proto-Bodo-Garo",
"Atong (India) terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Atong (India) terms inherited from Proto-Bodo-Garo",
"Atong (India) terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Atong (India) terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰam/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rongtham"
},
{
"word": "tri"
},
{
"word": "tiin"
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trp",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kokborok",
"lang_code": "trp",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kokborok entries with incorrect language header",
"Kokborok lemmas",
"Kokborok numerals",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
]
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English determiners",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "them",
"word": "þam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of þam (“them”)"
],
"links": [
[
"þam",
"þam#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English determiners",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "determiner"
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the, those, these",
"word": "þam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of þam (“the, those, these”)"
],
"links": [
[
"þam",
"þam#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English determiners",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "them, these",
"word": "þam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of þam (“them, these”)"
],
"links": [
[
"þam",
"þam#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English determiners",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "determiner"
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the, that, this",
"word": "þam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of þam (“the, that, this”)"
],
"links": [
[
"þam",
"þam#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English determiners",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "that one, him, it",
"word": "þam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of þam (“that one, him, it”)"
],
"links": [
[
"þam",
"þam#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pbv",
"2": "aav-khs-pro",
"3": "*tʰaːm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khasian *tʰaːm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pbv",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kt₁aam",
"4": "",
"5": "crab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kha",
"2": "tham"
},
"expansion": "Khasi tham",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tea",
"2": "gantam"
},
"expansion": "Temiar gantam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdq",
"2": "kơtam"
},
"expansion": "Bahnar kơtam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "atam"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh atam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ក្ដាម"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ក្ដាម (kdaam)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "ဂတာံ",
"tr": "hətam"
},
"expansion": "Mon ဂတာံ (hətam)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "caq",
"2": "ka-tām"
},
"expansion": "Car Nicobarese ka-tām",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Khasian *tʰaːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”). Cognate with Khasi tham, Temiar gantam, Bahnar kơtam, Pacoh atam, Khmer ក្ដាម (kdaam), Mon ဂတာံ (hətam), Car Nicobarese ka-tām.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pbv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pnar",
"lang_code": "pbv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pnar entries with incorrect language header",
"Pnar lemmas",
"Pnar nouns",
"Pnar terms derived from Proto-Khasian",
"Pnar terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Pnar terms inherited from Proto-Khasian"
],
"glosses": [
"crab"
],
"links": [
[
"crab",
"crab"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰam/"
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ăn tham"
},
{
"word": "gian tham"
},
{
"word": "lòng tham"
},
{
"word": "máu tham"
},
{
"word": "tham ăn"
},
{
"word": "tham dục"
},
{
"english": "greedy",
"translation": "greedy",
"word": "tham lam"
},
{
"word": "tham nhũng"
},
{
"word": "tham ô"
},
{
"word": "tham quân ô lại"
},
{
"word": "tham quyền cố vị"
},
{
"word": "tham tài"
},
{
"word": "tham thì thâm"
},
{
"word": "tham thực cực thân"
},
{
"english": "ambition",
"translation": "ambition",
"word": "tham vọng"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "貪"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "貪"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 貪",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 貪.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to covet, to be greedy, to lust after"
],
"links": [
[
"covet",
"covet"
],
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
],
[
"lust",
"lust"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "參"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "參"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 參",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 參.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to participate in, to engage in"
],
"links": [
[
"participate",
"participate"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only in compounds) to participate in, to engage in"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tham bác"
},
{
"word": "tham biến"
},
{
"word": "tham biện"
},
{
"english": "to participate in war",
"translation": "to participate in war",
"word": "tham chiến"
},
{
"word": "tham chiếu"
},
{
"word": "tham chính"
},
{
"word": "tham dự"
},
{
"english": "to participate in",
"translation": "to participate in",
"word": "tham gia"
},
{
"english": "to consult",
"translation": "to consult",
"word": "tham khảo"
},
{
"word": "tham kiến"
},
{
"english": "speech",
"translation": "speech",
"word": "tham luận"
},
{
"word": "tham mưu"
},
{
"word": "tham mưu trưởng"
},
{
"word": "tham nghị viện"
},
{
"english": "to go sightseeing",
"translation": "to go sightseeing",
"word": "tham quan"
},
{
"word": "tham sanh úy tử"
},
{
"word": "tham số"
},
{
"word": "tham sự"
},
{
"word": "tham tán"
},
{
"word": "tham tụng"
},
{
"word": "tham vấn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "參"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "參"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 參",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 參.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tham",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chief clerk; councillor, adviser"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"clerk",
"clerk"
],
[
"councillor",
"councillor"
],
[
"adviser",
"adviser"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only in compounds) chief clerk; councillor, adviser"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "tham"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tham meaning in All languages combined (11.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.